Softening Of The Stereotypes - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1477 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/04/12 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Stereotypes Essay Did you like this example? Kate Chopin, an American author, wrote during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries when the movement for womens liberation was taking place (Chopin XVII). When the movement began, two major stereotypes were created. The New Woman depicts women who are intelligent and innocent, yet empowered. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Softening Of The Stereotypes" essay for you Create order The femme fatale depicts a woman who is desired by many men but only focuses on her own desires (Chopin XIII). To combat stereotypes and expectations for women at the time, Chopin wrote The Awakening in the mindset of Edna Pontellier, who disregards what society expects of her. Although Mrs. Pontellier is married to Lonce Pontellier, she is in love with two other men, Robert Lebrun, and Alce Arobin. By representing expectations of society through Mr. Pontellier, representing different stereotypes of women through Lebrun and Arobin, and showing Mrs. Pontelliers unconformity, Chopin uses The Awakening to contradict society and literature of her time (Chopin XIII). Mr. Pontellier is a businessman who supports many of the expectations for women during the 1800s. For example, he expects Mrs. Pontellier to look after their children, Raoul and Etienne, and he often scolds her when he feels she is not doing her job well enough. He reproached his wife with her inattention, her habitual neglect of the children. If it was not a mothers place to look after children, whose on Earth was it? (Chopin 8). This quote shows that Mr. Pontellier expected his wife to care for their children since he felt he did not have time. This quote also shows that Mr. Pontellier demands respect from Mrs. Pontellier. He expects her to listen to his commands, and he treats her as a piece of property, which is representative of many marriages at the time (Married Womens Property Laws: Law Library of Congress). He shows this when he says, ?You are burnt beyond recognition'[] looking at his wife as one looks at a valuable piece of personal property (Chopin 3). Through these actio ns and expectations, Chopin uses Mr. Pontellier to represent marriages and expectations in her time. Chopin not only represents societys expectations of women through Mr. Pontelliers actions; she also represents the stereotypes of the femme fatale and the New Woman. To Mrs. Pontelliers first lover, Lebrun, she is the New Woman. Lebrun represents the portion of society that sees women as empowered, intelligent, and innocent. This can be seen when Lebrun interacts with Mrs. Pontellier, such as when he and Mrs. Pontellier are talking about what they might do at their vacation island, the Grand Isle. He says, Well go wherever you like (Chopin 52). In sharp contrast to Mr. Pontellier, when Lebrun speaks with Mrs. Pontellier, he allows her more freedom such as choosing where to go. These details show that he not only loves her but he respects her in a way most men did not respect women at the time. By characterizing Lebrun in this way, Chopin represents the sector of her society that respects women and supports the revolution. However, to Mrs. Pontelliers second lover, Arobin, Mrs. Pontellier is a femme fatale. She is desired by several men, her husband, Lebrun, and Arobin, yet she only follows her own desires to love Lebrun. At times, Mrs. Pontellier even openly rejected Arobins affectionate gestures. One evening after getting home from the races with Arobin, he kisses her hand, and she quickly stands up and backs away. As Arobin leaves she feels, Somewhat like a woman who in a moment of passion is betrayed into an act of infidelity, (Chopin 119). She also thinks to herself, What would he think? (Chopin 119). However, she is not thinking of what Mr. Pontellier would think. Instead, she is wondering what Lebrun would think, which shows that her actions are driven by her desires of Lebrun (Chopin 119). By using the femme fatale personification in combination with the mindset of Mrs. Pontellier, the reader understands her actions. It shows that Mrs. Pontellier is seeking to be able to express herself and be free from her husband. This makes her socially unaccepted acts more understandable, and they fight the stereotypes of the time period. Another way Chopin combats the nineteenth-century societal stereotypes is through Mrs. Pontelliers actions. Since the novel is written from her perspective, the reader finds it easier to sympathize with Mrs. Pontelliers feelings of oppression from the expectations Mr. Pontellier has for her. The expectation that women are the sole caretakers of the children is combatted because, Mrs. Pontellier was not a mother-woman, (Chopin 11). She did love her children , but, in an uneven impulsive way. She would sometimes gather them passionately to her heart, she would sometimes forget them (Chopin 28). Had Mr. Pontellier accepted that his wife was not a very matronly person and then helped her with the caretaking of their children, their relationship may have been more successful. With a successful and loving relationship, Mrs. Pontellier would have felt less of a need to seek out love in other places, such as from her other lovers, Arobin and Lebrun. By showing the Pontelliers relationship through Mrs. Pontelliers mind, the reader is able to understand how oppressive it is, and how society and Mr. Pontelliers actions affect Mrs. Pontellier. The effects of the oppression Mrs. Pontellier has suffered are seen at the end of the novel when Mrs. Pontellier drowns herself off the shore of the Grand Isle. She does this because she cannot bear to live with her husband who will only accept her if she is what he wants her to be. However, she also knows that she cannot simply leave for another man because of her children. This is shown when she says to herself, To-day it is Arobin, to-morrow it will be someone else. It makes no difference to me, it doesnt matter about Lonce Pontellier, but Raoul and Etienne! (Chopin 176). This quote shows her eternal search for love and acceptance by the way she says that in the future she might acquire yet another man to love. It also shows that she does not care for her husband. In fact, she wants to leave him, but she knows she cannot leave her children with the disgrace society will push upon them. After this internal contemplation, she drowns by the Grand Isle because it was too much to bear that in no circumstances she and society would be appeased. This act, along with her reasons for it, shows what the effects of society can be. Since the 1800s, women have gained more rights, and they are no longer viewed as property (Detailed Timeline). It is also common to see women in the workforce today. In a study done by the Center for American Progress, it was found that 42% of mothers are the primary workers of the household (Godfrey). Since mothers are beginning to do more work, it is more common to see fathers taking care of the children (Godfrey). Today women not treated as property, but rather they are treated as valuable members of society. Todays society also pushes for more equal treatment of women. While society still has some stereotypes of women, those who believe in equal rights are actively working to combat them. Organizations, such as the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), fight against stereotypes about women. These organizations focus on helping women attain equality by advocating equal rights in education and employment. They also speak out against gender-based domestic violence, and physical and mental abuse from husbands. (ACLU). These organizations fight against stereotypes and advocate womens worth. Overall, in The Awakening, Chopin uses different characters to express different aspects of the nineteenth-century society. Through the actions of those characters, Chopin combats the stereotypes and expectations of women. Lebrun and Arobin each represent stereotypes of what people thought of women at the time, and Mr. Pontellier shows the expectations placed on women. Mrs. Pontelliers rebellious nature, and her final act of drowning by the Grand Isle, ties the story together and shows what the effects of an oppressive society can be. Today, society is much different and women have many more opportunities, which can be seen through the contrast of todays society compared to the one Chopin writes about. Although society is still not perfect, many people support equality for women, and they are actively combatting stereotypes and expectations.  Works Cited ACLU. Womens Rights. American Civil Liberties Union, 2018, www.aclu.org/issues/womens-rights. Chopin, Kate, and Alyssa Harad. The Awakening. Awakening and Selected Stories of Kate Chopin, edited by Cynthia Brantley Johnson, Simon Schuster Paperbacks, 2004, pp. VII-178. Detailed Timeline. National Womens History Project, www.nwhp.org/resources/womens-rights-movement/detailed-timeline/. Godfrey, Neale. The Stay-At-Home Dad Syndrome. Forbes, Forbes Magazine, 31 July 2017, www.forbes.com/sites/nealegodfrey/2017/07/31/the-stay-at-home-dad-syndrome/#322eddd61e2. Married Womens Property Laws: Law Library of Congress A Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation: U.S. Congressional Documents and Debates, 1774 1875, Charles Magnus, memory.loc.gov/ammem/awhhtml/awlaw3/property_law.html.

Action Plan For Reporting Waste And Abuse - 1834 Words

Arlecia Johnson September 15, 2016 Action Plan for Reporting Waste and Abuse in the Air Force In fiscal year 2014 it is very clear that there needs to be a better reporting of all of the materials that are owned and are held by the Air Force. It is important to make sure that there is a complete accounting of all of the materials such as parts, ammunition, and other items that belong to the air force so that it will be possible to ensure that in any location there is no issue that the materials will be in the hands of anyone else. The allocation is supposed to serve through departmental roles, with the chiefs of each department consenting to any requested sub-budgetary allocation requested by the service men and women in their departments. The offices include the operations office, the general counsel’s office, the information and communication office and the human resource office. All actions that will be recommended for this case might not show specific dates, since the military requires a series of approval steps for any implementation, and delays might occur. In ad dition, the air force is sometimes caught up in emergency situation that lead to freezing operations for security purposes. It also leads to delays and rechanneling of allocated budgets to the emergency situation. The 2014 budget is used in this paper, since it has already been implemented, therefore researchable. The fiscal year 2016 was presented to the Chief of Staff, the Chief Operating Officer, andShow MoreRelatedAction Plan For Reporting Waste And Abuse1829 Words   |  8 PagesAction Plan for Reporting Waste and Abuse in the Air Force In fiscal year 2014 it is very clear that there needs to be a better reporting of all of the materials that are owned and are held by the Air Force. 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University Act Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)

Question: Describe about the University Act for Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) ? Answer: Introduction The project lies in the corporate social responsibility of the companies situated in the globalized economy of the organization. The corporate social responsibility and its related theories are important for maintaining the better environment of the organization in the society. The project lies in the understanding of the purpose of corporate social responsibility in a particular environment of the country. The overall idea of the social responsibilities is performed for the maintaining the external environment of the company and compensating the hazards given by the different organization of the society of a nation. There are certain numbers of activities that are about to done by the companies to maintain their social for avoiding legal obligations from a government of the country (Ahmad, 2012). The corporate social responsibility is also an activity that is lies on the maintaining the goodwill of the company in the market and reducing the compliance issues of the organization. In this project, some of the practical scenarios of corporate social responsibilities are shown for understanding of the involvement of that organization to provide the social benefit to the country. The CSR activities are a movement that is mandatory for an organization to maintain during their operation period (Ahmad and Crowther, 2013). The corporate social responsibility of the organization generally reduces the risk of the business activities. There are some metrics follow the organization during the operational activities and also a measurement tools for the investors of the business activities of the company. The corporate social responsibilities are the one of the most mandatory activity initiated by the government of the particular country. And also the CSR activities are influenced the company to create the goodwill of the organization by doing corporate social responsibility in the organization (Arvidsson, 2014). Corporate social responsibilities are having different aspects of the companies. Those are required to utilize for social contribution like health services, education services, enhancement of quality of environment and also regional responsibilities of the company in a particular place of the nation. Corporate social responsibilities connection with strategic purpose of the company Every company in the economy requires corporate social responsibilities strategies to maintain the discipline and corporate value of the company. There are some of the companies is having the engagement with the company. Companies are faced many difficulties during the operational activities of the organization. They are taking initiatives for the improvement of business activities of the companies. There are certain corporate social responsibilities that are used from corporate in their supply chain activities, marketing and brand promotion activities of the company (Brejning, 2012). Now, days CSR is a social event that is initiated by the organization to maintained the goodwill of the organization in the market. The corporate social responsibilities have three different aspects of managing the frameworks of a strategic implication of the organization to follow the social responsibility towards society. There are various types of components are available to measured the corporate so cial responsibilities of the company. The companies are mostly doing charitable activities for reducing the tax obligations of the company. And also established some of the charitable instituted to serve poor and needful people. The corporate social responsibilities of the organization are based on the reduction techniques of short-term risk of the company. The company's social responsibilities are measured by the legal obligations of the organization to maintain the stability of business ecosystem of the company and made coordination between social environment and company for long-term sustainability of the company. The large organizations that are having earning huge numbers of money from the different operational activities in the society.And those activities handle the degradation of a quality of the environment are mandatory to do corporate social responsibilities to maintain the welfare of the company. Applications of CSR in the light of various stakeholder group expectations There are some numbers of applications of corporate social responsibility is required for the fulfillment of stakeholder's group expectation of the company. There are some of the CSR theories are presented for the corporate social responsibilities of the organization. The corporate social responsibility activity of the organization is based on the social responsibility theories utilitarian, managerial and relational are related to the theories of social cost or functionalism, corporate social performance. And also the stakeholder approaches of the organization based on the corporate responsibilities towards society (Coombs and Holladay, 2012). The stake holder's theories are invented for the maintaining the complex relationship between companies and environment of the society. The company is addressing some of the social issues to maintain the quality of the environment of the company. The business and society environment, corporate citizenship and social contract of the organization are maintaining the social responsibility. Stakeholder Approach As per the stakeholders approach of the companies in the global market is required for the developing the different models to improve the social responsibilities of the organization which is based on the individual behavior of the firms in the social environment of society. The stakeholders of the company are willing to maintain the relationship with the social environment by providing various kind of benefits to the people and social activities to improve the quality of the environment (Fleming and Jones, 2012). The company is maintaining different kinds of social responsibilities in daily management activities of the organization cooperating with the adaptive system of the organization to maintain the relationship between legal and political relationships of the organization. The impact of Corporate Social Responsibility Good Example: Company Coca-Cola food and beverage companies are dealing with the chemical preservatives and others are degrading the quality of the environment of particular countries. But due to good rating of social work done by the company can easily save the reputation of the company in the market. The goodwill of the company is created by the company themselves by doing different corporate social responsibilities of the organization in all around the world (coca-colacompany.com, 2015). The corporate governance policies and practices are different as per the law and judicial authorities of the country the company belongs to. But the reason behind doing these activities are same to compensate the degradation of environment quality, health facilities of people and education facilities for children for the particular country. The Coca-Cola Company has been spent more than $ 71.23 million dollars in the corporate social responsibilities of the organization. Coca-Cola Company is always trying to co ver all the impact on the business structure of the organization whereas the company is organized huge numbers of corporate social responsibilities events to legal obligations of the government of different countries. An impact of Corporate Social Responsibilities Bad Example: Company Rio Tinto Limited Australia based company is about to done with so many numbers of corporate social responsibilities activities during their operational period. The company is an ore mining organization doing lots of hazards to the external environment that created lots of environmentally based issues in the society is directly and indirectly provided the impact on the business and revenue-generating activities of the company (Riotinto.com, 2015). So the company is invested huge amount of contribution $ 2.71 million dollars in education services, health facilities providing activities and also others society welfare activities of the organization. There are some of the sustainability activities of the organization is based on the increasing the demand and supply of the company in the market (Quazi and Richardson, 2012). Rio Tinto is also produced lots of chemical minerals which is responsible to decreases quality of the environment. And life of people who are residing in the Australia but as company did numbers of corporate social responsibilities, but due to some lacking activities in that gives higher inverse situation facing incidence for the company by the Australian government for corporate governance (Lober, 2012). Recommendation According to the overall analysis of corporate social responsibility for companies, are required to as per the environment degradation activities done of the organization in different companies and institutes in all around the world. But now a day's companies are doing CSR activities for initiating the people of the country and as a promotion activity (Illuminatedesign.co.uk, 2015). According to the overall benefits and advantage are showing that corporate social responsibility is always good for the making the better connection between companies and environmental culture of the country to developed the work standards of the country in all around the world. So the board required adopting the corporate social responsibilities to provide benefits to the society and in return the reputation of the country will increase in a vital manner in all around the world. Conclusion According to the overall project report on corporate social responsibilities and its benefits to stakeholders of the company and external environment of the country from where the company belongs to. There are some of the applications of corporate social responsibility is discussed in the report for understanding of benefits of the CSR activities for the companies in the society. There are few examples of Rio Tinto Limited and Coca-Cola food and beverage companies are showing the different impact of corporate social responsibilities of the company depends on the segment of the companies belongs in the market. And at the last the overall recommendation is given to the Board of Directors of the company Illuminate Ltd, that proceeding with corporate social responsibilities will be beneficial for the business environment of the country. References Ahmad, J. (2012). Can a University Act As A Corporate Social Responsibility (Csr) driver? An analysis.Social Responsibility Journal, 8(1), pp.77-86. Ahmad, J. and Crowther, D. (2013).Education and corporate social responsibility. Bingley, U.K.: Emerald. Arvidsson, S. (2014). Corporate social responsibility and stock market actors: a comprehensive study.Social Responsibility Journal, 10(2), pp.210-225. Brejning, J. (2012).Corporate social responsibility and the welfare state. Farnham, Surrey: Ashgate Pub. coca-colacompany.com, 2. (2015). [online] Available at: https://www.coca-colacompany.com/2013-2014-coca-cola-sustainability-report... [Accessed 4 Aug. 2015]. Coombs, W. and Holladay, S. (2012).Managing corporate social responsibility. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell. Fleming, P. and Jones, M. (2012).The end of corporate social responsibility. London: SAGE. Gonzalez-Perez, M. and Leonard, L. (2013).International business, sustainability and corporate social responsibility. Bingley [England]: Emerald. Haynes, K., Murray, A. and Dillard, J. (2012).Corporate social responsibility. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. Illuminatedesign.co.uk, (2015).Illuminate Design Ltd | Lighting, Sound and Vision Specialists. [online] Available at: https://www.illuminatedesign.co.uk [Accessed 4 Aug. 2015]. Lindgreen, A. (2012).A stakeholder approach to corporate social responsibility. Farnham, Surrey: Gower. Lober, H. (2012).Corporate management, corporate social responsibility and customers. Hamburg: Diplomica Verlag. Quazi, A. and Richardson, A. (2012). Sources of variation in linking corporate social responsibility and financial performance.Social Responsibility Journal, 8(2), pp.242-256. Riotinto.com, (2015).Home - Sustainable development 2014 - Rio Tinto. [online] Available at: https://www.riotinto.com/sd2014/ [Accessed 4 Aug. 2015]. Thauer, C. (2014).Managerial Sources of Corporate Social Responsibility. Cambridge University Press. Tsutsui, K. and Lim, A. (n.d.).Corporate social responsibility in a globalizing world. Tully, S. (2012).International corporate legal responsibility. Alphen aan den Rijn: Kluwer Law International. Underwood, S. and Murray, A. (2012).Social and sustainable enterprise. Bingley, U.K.: Emerald.

Voting System Essay Example

Voting System Essay CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1. 1 B ACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Students’ Union is asked to work beyond its capacity. It would be useful to have a voting (democratic) system to ensure that the Student Council’s rulings are not lost in an overload of demands and those students ’ union workload priorities match student priorities. One of the most crucial factors for a voting system to be successful is to exhibit a Voting Protocol that can prevent opportunities for fraud or for sacrificing the voters privacy. The Voting Protocol that will be designed and implemented for this voting system will combine the advantages of existing protocols and techniques, while at the same time it will aim at eliminating most of the identified deficiencies and problems. The voting system includes three actors: Voter, the voting system’s operator, and the administrator. Eligible voters have to register themselves, assisted by the Administrator, before the â€Å"election day†. The system ensures that only registered voters can vote and vote only once on the election’s day, and collects the cast votes and tally the results of the election. Voter privacy is somehow maintained and vote tampering is prevented in this system. 1. 1. Historical background Since the San Miguel National High School started to elect their SSG officers, they have been using manual voting system, where they have to use more time just to prepare the materials for the election. We will write a custom essay sample on Voting System specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Voting System specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Voting System specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The election will start by posting the list of name of the candidates, giving the exact number of sample ballots in every class rooms, and disposing one ballot box in each class rooms. The San Miguel National High School always elect officers every 3rd week of February for every year just to ensure that there will be someone to watch the students during the vacation. 1. 1. 1 Organizational Chart See Appendix A 1. 1. 3 Organizational Function President-the highest-ranking member of an organization Vice President-an official rank below a president, who can take the president’s place if necessary. Secretary-somebody elected or appointed to keep records of the meetings of an organization such as a club, society, or committee, and to write or answer letters on its behalf. Treasurer-somebody who manages the finances of an organization, usually the chief financial officers. Auditor-somebody who checks accounts or conducts an audit of an organization. PIO -somebody who make sure that the public, the media and every organization involved in the crisis are constantly informed on the progress being made to resolve the emergency at hand. Project Manager-somebody who matches available resources (time, money and people) against business project aims Sergeant at Arms-somebody appointed to keep order within an organization such as a legislative body or court of law, and to perform various other duties such as making arrest. Representatives-somebody who speaks, acts, or votes on behalf of others. 1. 2 Objectives of the study 1. 2. 1 General objective of the study To create an automated voting system for San Miguel National High School, to promote student use of technology in the election process for the school’s Student Council, thus making their digital inclusion possible and viable, and to show that technology can facilitate the student participation in school life and prepare them to become conscious and responsible citizens of t he greater society. 1. 2. 2 Specific objective of the study * To lessen the time consume during the student council system. * To permit only eligible voters to vote and ensure that each eligible voter can vote only once. To reduce the manual procedure of task and to prevent human error for someone to prepare the election each year. * The system should allow and assist voters to cast their votes quickly, in one session, and with minimal equipment or special skills. 1. 3 SCOPE AND DELIMITATION This proposed system is designed to provide fast and accurate student’s council election of San Miguel National High School. This voting system is capable in storing voter’s registration as well as calculates their votes for finalizing the winners of the election. All computations during the election are done in a reasonable amount of time. It will also provide a printed result of the election. 1. 4 Significance of the study` An election is a decision-making process by which a population chooses an individual to hold formal office. Elections rely heavily on manual tallying and canvassing of votes thus making them vulnerable to control and manipulation. To ensure a credible and transparent electoral process, the modernization of the electoral system through computerization shall be supported to ensure the credibility of polls and correct the deficiencies in the electoral system. It is extremely fast, allowing obtaining final results in a matter of minutes. It has a very complete and user-friendly interface for system operators and as well as the voters. Furthermore, the challenge is to develop the student’s appreciation of their vote as a means to reform the administration and receive better services from it. This type of voting system encourages the student’s to promote suffrage. 1. 5 Summary of the study `The proposed system will lessen their effort and time in reading, storing, and calculating of the students’ votes. It will be easier for COMELEC officer to conduct election in their school. It will provide accurate result of voting and fast type of automated election for the student council in San Miguel National High School. CHAPTER II CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK 2. 1 Theories used in analyzing the system The current voting management in student’s council election is manual, thus resulting in time consuming on part of the electoral officer. Everything need to be done on paper. All files are on the envelope and transferring of files needs an effort of the electoral officers. We are now in age of the echnology. We should be able to use technology to a much greater extent it is in the current manual system. This encourage the proponents to conduct an interview, research and study to have an idea in making a system that can be used to easily store, calculate and finalized the result of automated election without the effort of election officer and the voters. The researchers finally come up with the Student Council Voting System which provides the LAN links to transfer and transmit the data of votes with high security and accuracy. 2. 2 Review of related studies Based on what Alecks P. Pabico said, â€Å"Six years ago, the idea of automated elections for student council posts in the University of the Philippines in Diliman was unimaginable, at least for me. It wasn’t necessarily because we couldn’t muster the technology and logistics, but there was simply neither a need nor a clamor for paperless voting. A lot of things have changed since then, and automated elections are no longer a thing of the past in UP Diliman. Now on its second year, and notwithstanding minor glitches in the system, electronic voting has proven to be a worthy improvement in one of the basic democratic processes in modern society. Alecks got to UP a little past 2 p. m. last February 24, the day of the student council election this year. As a registered graduate student, he had made sure to drop by the campus to cast votes, first time to participate in the automated system on a university-wide scale. There was already a long queue outside the designated voting center at the College of Arts and Letters. Some students were waiting for their names to be located on the list, while others were waiting for their turn at the computer terminals. There were no paper ballots or ballot boxes in sight. † 2. 3 Findings on related studies and theories According to Alecks P. Pabico (a writer of the investigate Reporting Magazine), for the more important aspects of the electoral process from voter registration, voting, vote counting to canvassing – touches of modernity have been an elusive as replies with substance from candidates. Yet for the most part the problem stems not from a lack of available technological solutions. A comprehensive computerized voting system encompassed the three major phases of the elections; registration, voting and tabulation. Pilot tested in council elections in universities, it has proven to be an effective safe-guard against fraud and manipulation like dag-dag –bawas. . 4 Terms Adopted in the Study 2. 4. 1Technical terms Automated election system a system using appropriate technology for voting and electronic devices to count votes and canvass/consolidate results. Computer literacy-defined as the knowledge and ability to use computers and technology efficiently. Data a collection of facts, figures, and statis tics related to an object. Database a collection of related or similar records that are mostly used together. Data security the means of ensuring that data is kept safe fromcorruption and that access to it is suitably controlled. Existing system- a system that is currently being used by the institution. Networking- the act of working using computer network or the act of connecting computers into network. System design- the process or art of defining the architecture, components, modules, interfaces, and data for a system to satisfy specified requirements. User friendly-a system that is easy to learn and to use. 2. 4. 2 Operational terms Automation- the automatic operation or control of equipment, a process, or a system. Election is a formal decision-making process by which a population chooses an individual to hold public office. Input the term denoting either an entrance or changes which are inserted into a system and which activate/modify a process. Output the term denoting either an exit or changes which exit a system and which activate/modify a process. Registration- the act of registering or being registered. CHAPTER III ARCHITECTURIAL DESIGN 3. 1 The Existing System The existing system of San Miguel National High School when having a Student Supreme Government (SSG) election, all transactions like voters’ registration and voting, is done manually. The election is held during the 3rd week of February for every year. To be one of the candidates for the election the student must have a grade of at least 85% and above. The student who is running for president must be a 3rd year student. During the election, the SMNHS’ COMELEC will prepare a sample ballots and a ballot box for each class room. To vote, the students have to write the names of the candidates for every position that they want to elect. For the validation of votes, every student will have to put thumb marks on the sample ballots. After the election, the COMELEC, along with the SSG adviser, will count the votes one by one in front of the entire student. . 1. 1 Data Flow Diagram See appendix B 3. 2 Problem Identifications of the Existing System This section presents all the problems identified by the researchers after gathering all data by means of interviewing the SSG Adviser of San Miguel National High School. 3. 2. 1 Presentation of the Problems The following are the problems identified by the researcher based on the gathered da ta. 3. 2. 1 . 1The process of counting the votes one by one is kind of time consuming process. 3. 2. 1 . 2The votes cannot be secured or can be falsifies. 3. 2. 1. The writing of the student may not be clear. 3. 2. 1. 4The COMELEC officers disregard the student that did not vote. 3. 3 The Proposed System 3. 3. 1 Needs for the System The system needs maintenance to maintain the security, accuracy and the capacity of the system. 3. 3. 2 Data Flow Diagram of the Proposed System See Appendix C 3. 4 Objectives of the Proposed System To help the School especially the San Miguel National High School to their manually voting of their organization (SSG). 3. 4. 1 General Objective of the proposed System To create an automated voting system for the San Miguel National High School. 3. 4. 2 Specific Objective of the proposed System 3. 4. 3. 1 The system functionality should ensure that no one can falsify or modify the result of the voting by eliminating a valid vote or counting an invalid vote in the final tally. 3. 4. 3. 2 A system that provides a log-on security to secure the votes and to ensure that only authorized person can access the system. 3. 4. 3. 3 The system that permits only eligible voters to vote and ensure that each eligible voter can vote only once. 3. 4. 3. To ensure that no one can duplicate his or someone elses vote and no one can change someone elses vote. 3. 4 Users of the System The SMNHS Student Council Voting System is intended for the use of San Miguel National High School’s student, SSG president and COMELEC officers. It will help the COMELEC Officers to register students, prepare the election, and calculating the votes. It will lessen the time they consumed conducting a student council election. It will lessen the effort of the SSG president and COMELEC officers preparing and distributing the sample ballots and ballot boxes to each room. 3. Environment of the Usage System The following are activities that can be done by the use of the new system: 3. 6. 1 The system accept data inputs to create student records such as their student number, name, address, age, gender, year and section. 3. 6. 2Lessen the time consumed during the counting of votes. 3. 6. 3 Student who has already voted cannot vote again. 3. 6. 4Automatically prints the result of election. 3. 6. 5 Administrator is the only person to access the system. 3. 7 Components of the Proposed System 3. 7. 1 General features of the Proposed System The general features of the proposed system are the following: 3. . 1. 1 Menu Driven –pertaining to software that makes extensive use of menus to enable users to choose alternatives and guide program operations. 3. 7. 1. 2Help Facilities–in which offer the users to support in the learningprocess. 3. 7. 1. 3 User Friendly-it provides user friendly features that will help the user to interact easily in manipulating the system. 3. 7. 1. 4 Reliability –the system performs specific task correctly to suppor t the transaction entered. 3. 7. 1. 5 Security –it will include password to ensure that unauthorized user cannot read or use the data to make sure that the ystem files are safe in unnecessary information and for the privacy of counting of voting. 3. 5. 3 Functions of the System 3. 5. 4. 5 Visual Table of Content – Program Level See Appendix D 3. 5. 4. 6 Visual Table of Content – Module Level See Appendix E 3. 5. 4. 7 Visual Table of Content – System Level System Level PASSWORD 0 Main Module Menu 1. 0 Voting Menu 2. 1 Select 2. 2 Submit 2. 3 Exit 2. 0 Official Ballot 3. 4 Submit 3. 5 Back PASSWORD 0 Main Module Menu 1. 0 Admin Menu 2. 1 Add Voter 2. 2. 1 Generate Student’s ID 2. 2. 2 Generate Password 2. 2. 3 Add Voter 2. 2. 4 View 2. . 5 Save 2. 2 Voters’ list 2. 3. 6 Select 2. 3 Candidate list 2. 4. 7 Delete 2. 4 Search 2. 5. 8 Search by ID 2. 5. 9 Search by Name 2. 5 About 2. 6 View 2. 7. 10 Candidate list 2. 7 Application Form 1. 7. 1 Can didate Registration 2. 8 Report 2. 9. 11 Canvassing Report 2. 9. 12 Voters’ Report 2. 9. 13 Section/Year Report 2. 9 Tool 2. 10. 14 Password 1. 10 Exit 3. 7. 3 Systems Inputs The following are the input of the system: 3. 7. 3. 1Password that contains a set of characters uses to log-in the Administrator for the system to operate (to register students and begin the voting). . 7. 3. 2 The students’ number, name, address, age, year, and section. 3. 7. 3. 3The students’ vote for every position. 3. 7. 4 System Outputs The following will be the output of the system: 3. 7. 4. 1 The system will produce the printed result of the election. 3. 7. 4. 2The list of the registered student who did not vote. 3. 7. 4. 3 The list of candidates in their selected position. 3. 7. 4. 4 The current status of the election 3. 7. 5 Input Process Output Charts 3. 7. 5. 1 System IPO See Appendix F 3. 7. 6 Data Dictionary A Data Dictionary of San Miguel National High School (SMNHS) Student Council Voting System Table Name| Attribute Name| Contents| Type| Format| Range| PK| Users| UserID| UserID| Autonumber| xxxxxx| N/A| PK| | Username| Username| Text| xxxxxx| | | | Password| Password| Text| xxxxxx| | | Table Name| Attribute Name| Contents| Type| Format| Range| PK| Position| PositionID| PositionID| Autonumber| xxxxxx| N/A| PK| | Position| Position| Text| xxxxxx| | | Table Name| Attribute Name| Contents| Type| Format| Range| PK| Voters| VoterID| VoterID| Autonumber| xxxxxx| N/A| PK| | Username| Username| Text| xxxxxx| | | Password| Password| Text| xxxxxx| | | | Name| Name| Text| xxxxxx| | | | Year| Year| Text| xxxxxx| | | | Section| Section| Text| xxxxxx| | | | Voted| Voted| Text| xxxxxx| | | Table Name| Attribute Name| Contents| Type| Format| Range| PK| Candidates| CandidateID| CandidateID| Number| xxxxxx| N/A| K| | PositionID| PositionID| Number| xxxxxx| | | | Name| Last;First Name| Text| xxxxxx| | | | Year| Year| Number| xxxxxx| | | | Section| Section| Text| xxxxxx| | | | Photo| Photo/Image| OLE Object| . jpg/. png| | | | Votes| Votes| Number| xxxxxx| | | A Data Dictionary of San Miguel National High School Student Council Voting System Entity ___________________________________________________________________ Label:Voters Entry Type: Description: Alias: Values and Meanings: Input Data flow: Vote Output Data flow: Notes: Long Name: Registered Student ____________________________________________________________________ Label:User Entry Type: Description: Alias: Values and Meanings: Input Data flow: Output Data flow: Notes: Long Name: Admin ____________________________________________________________________ A Data Dictionary of San Miguel National High School Student Council Voting System Elements ___________________________________________________________________ Default System:San Miguel National High SchoolStudent Council Voting System Label: Student’s ID Type and Leng th: Source: Voter Registration Form/Candidate Registration Form Security:Admin Description and Comment: Date: Alias: Default Value: Acceptable Value: User Responsibility: Admin ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ Default System:San Miguel National High SchoolStudent Council Voting System Label: Student’s Password Type and Length: Source: Voter Registration Form/Candidate Registration Form Security:Admin Description and Comment: Date: Alias: Default Value: Acceptable Value: User Responsibility: Admin ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ Default System:San Miguel National High SchoolStudent Council Voting System Label: First Name Type and Length: Source: Voter Registration Form/Candidate Registration Form Security:Admin Description and Comment: Date: Alias: Default Value: Acceptable Value: User Responsibility: Admin __________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ Default System:San Miguel National High SchoolStudent Council Voting System Label: Last Name Type and Length: Source: Voter Registration Form/Candidate Registration Form Security:Admin Description and Comment: Date: Alias: Default Value: Acceptable Value: - User Respo nsibility: Admin ________________________________________________________________________ Default System: San Miguel National High School Student Council Voting System Label: Year level Type and Length: Source: Voter Registration Form/Candidate Registration Form Security: Admin Date: Alias: Default Value: Acceptable Value: User Responsibility: Admin ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Default System:San Miguel National High SchoolStudent Council Voting System Label: Section Type and Length: Source: Voter Registration Form/Candidate Registration Form Security:Admin Description and Comment: Date: Alias: Default Value: Acceptable Value: - User Responsibility: Admin 3. 5 Development Flowchart and Schedule 3. 8. 1 Gantt chart See Appendix G 3. 6. 4 System Flowchart See Appendix H 3. 6. 5 Program Flowchart See Appendix I CHAPTER IV DETAILED DESIGN 4. 1Standards and Conventions This chapter will explain the standard and convention used in design of the proposed system to ensure the uniformity throughout the system and to emphasize the system very well. 4. 1. 1 Design Methodology The proposal used the top-down programming approach as the design technique in the process of developing the simulation of the system. This approach refers to a problem solving technique which involves in voting, analysis to the total of vote, design of the program or solution in terms of large objectives, designing the modules and subroutines needed in the program and finally writing the detailed code. 4. 1. 2 Program Naming and Convention A special name was given to all programs of every module in a way that it describes each subprogram in order to represent the function to be performed. Names are related to each subprogram giving emphases on what each module is performing. This can be seen in the module specification section on this chapter. 4. 1. File Naming and Convention Each record of the student used in the program was classified with their student number so that the user can easily understand and can vote wisely for the running candidates. Each student who already voted is automatically save in the database of the system for validation of the processes performed by each subprogram. 4. 2 Module Specification This section discusses all information about modules of the proposed system. Name:System Password Purpose:To protect and secure the election to illegible voters Entry:Password Exit: Inputs:Valid Password Outputs:Main Menu Errors: Calls:Voting Menu Called by: Remarks: Name:Voting Menu Purpose:To provide ballot form for the students Entry:Choice Exit:Choice Exit Inputs:Choice Outputs:Official Ballot Errors: Calls:1. 1 Select, 1. 2 Submit, 1. 3 Exit Called by: 0 MAIN Menu Remarks: Name:Official Ballot Purpose:To show the list of elected candidates Entry:Choice Exit:Choice Exit Inputs:Choice Outputs:Your Choice Errors: Calls:2. 1 Submit, 2. 2 Back Called by: Voting Menu Remarks: Name:System Password Purpose:To provide and secure votes to unauthorized person Entry:Choice Exit:Choice Exit Inputs:Choice Outputs:Admin Menu Errors: Calls:2. 1 Submit, 2. 2 Back Called by: 0 MAIN Menu Remarks: Name:Admin Menu Purpose:To display Admin Menu Entry:Choice Exit:Choice Exit Inputs:Choice Outputs:Your Choice Errors: Calls:1. 1 Add Voter, 1. 2 Voters’ List, 1. 3 Candidate List, 1. 4 Search, 1. 5 About, 1. 6 View, 1. 7 Application form, 1. 8 Report, 1. 9 Tool,1. 10 Exit Called by: Voting Menu Remarks: Name:Add Voter Purpose:To Register new voter Entry:Choice Exit:Choice Exit Inputs:Choice Outputs:Your Choice Errors: Calls:1. 1. 1Generate Student id, 1. 1. 2 Generate Student Password, 1. 1. 3 Add voter, 1. 1. 4 View, 1. 1. 5 Save Called by: Admin Menu Remarks: Name:Voters’ List Purpose:To View the list of voters and update voters’ status Entry:Choice Exit:Choice Exit Inputs:Choice Outputs:Voter’s Registration Form Errors: Calls:2. 1 Select Called by: Admin Menu Remarks: Name:Candidate List Purpose:To View the list of candidates and delete former candidates Entry:Choice Exit:Choice Exit Inputs:Choice Outputs:Your Choice Errors: Calls:1. 3. 1 Delete Called by: Admin Menu Remarks: Name:Search Purpose:Search the voters record Entry:Choice Exit:Choice Exit Inputs:Choice Outputs:Your Choice Errors: Calls:1. 4. 1Search by ID, 1. 4. 2Search by Name Called by: Admin Menu Remarks: Name:About Purpose:About the system and the Developers Entry:Choice Exit:Choice Exit Inputs: Outputs:Display information Errors: Calls: Called by: Admin Menu Remarks: Name:View Purpose:You can view the candidates list and voters list Entry:Choice Exit:Choice Exit Inputs:Choice Outputs:Display information Errors: Calls:1. 6. 1 Candidate list Called by: Admin Menu Remarks: Name:Candidate list Purpose:You can view the candidates list Entry:Choice Exit:Choice Exit Inputs:Choice Outputs:Display information Errors: Calls:1. 6. 1. 1 President List, 1. 6. 1. 2 V-President List, 1. 6. 1. 3 Secretary List, 1. 6. 1. 4 Treasurer List1. . 1. 5 Auditor List, 1. 6. 1. 6 PIO List1. 6. 1. 7 Project Manager List, 1. 6. 1. 8 Sergeant at Arms List1. 6. 1. 9 4th Yr. Representative List,1. 6. 1. 10 3rd Yr. Representative 1. 6. 1. 11 2nd Yr. Representative List, 1. 6. 1. 12 Gr. 7 Representative List Called by: Admin Menu Remarks: Name:Application Form Purpose:The Application Form of the candidates and voters Entry:Ch oice Exit:Choice Exit Inputs:Choice Outputs:Display information Errors: Calls: Called by: Admin Menu Remarks: Name:Candidate Registration Purpose:Display the registration form of the said position Entry:Choice Exit:Choice Exit Inputs:Choice Outputs:Display information Errors: Calls: Called by: Admin Menu Remarks: Name:Report Purpose:The canvassing report and the candidate displayed Entry:Choice Exit:Choice Exit Inputs:Choice Outputs:Display information Errors: Calls:1. 8. 1 Canvassing Report, 1. 8. 2 Voters’ Report 1. 8. 3 Section/Year Report 1. 8. 4 Result Called by: Admin Menu Remarks: Name:Canvassing Report Purpose:To know the outstanding report of the candidates Entry:Choice Exit:Choice Exit Inputs:Choice Outputs:Display information Errors: Calls:1. 8. 1. 1President Candidates,1. 8. 1. 2 V-President Candidates,1. 8. 1. 3 Secretary Candidates,1. 8. 1. Treasurer Candidates 1. 8. 1. 5 Auditor Candidates, 1. 8. 1. 6 PIO Candidates 1. 8. 1. 7 Project Manager Candidates, 1. 8. 1. 7 Sergeant at Arms Candidates, 1. 8. 1. 8 4th Yr. Representative Candidates 1. 8. 1. 9 3rd Yr. Representative Candidates, 1. 8. 1. 10 2ndYr. Representative Candidate, 1. 8. 1. 11 Gr. 7 Representative Candidates Called by: Admin Menu Remark s: Name:Voters’ Report Purpose:The numbers of voters who vote and who did not, and the total of votes Entry:Choice Exit:Choice Exit Inputs:Choice Outputs:Display information Errors: Calls:1. 8. 2. 1Search, 1. 8. 2. 2 Refresh, 1. 8. 2. 3 Print Called by: Admin Menu Remarks: Name:Section/Year Report Purpose:The numbers of registered voters Entry:Choice Exit:Choice Exit Inputs:Choice Outputs:Display information Errors: Calls:1. 8. 3. 1Search, 1. 8. 3. 2 Refresh, 1. 8. 3. 3 Print Called by: Admin Menu Remarks: Name:Result Purpose:To display the result of the election Entry:Choice Exit:Choice Exit Inputs:Choice Outputs:Display information Errors: Calls:1. 8. 4. 1 Refresh, 1. 8. 4. 2 Print Called by: Admin Menu Remarks: Name:Tool Purpose:Display the student password Entry:Choice Exit:Choice Exit Inputs:Choice Outputs:Display information Errors: Calls:1. 1. 9. 1 Password Called by: Admin Menu Remarks Name:Exit Purpose:Close the system if you want Entry:Choice Exit:Choice Exit Inputs:Choice Outputs:Display information Errors: Calls: Called by: Admin Menu Remarks: 4. 2 Module Specification MODULE: MAIN Menu This section calls the other modules or program. Mouse and menu driven may used to access each subprogram. MODULE: PASSWORD The module requires users’ ID and a correct password. If the password is correct, the Voting Menu and Admin Menu that we used by only one module at a time will be automatically display. MODULE: VOTING MENU The module provides ballot form for the registered student to vote. MODULE: ADMIN MENU The module provides menu for the admin to access, manage, maintain and secure files. DATA ENTRY For the Voting Menu the different option includes Select, Submit, and Exit. For the Admin Menu includes Generate, Add Voter, Save, View, Select, Delete, Find, and Print. OFFICIAL BALLOTS Show the candidates to be elected. APPLICATION FORM The module provides registration form for Voters and candidates. ABOUT Show information about the system. EXIT Close the Menus 4. 4 File Specification System: San Miguel National High School Student Council Voting System Record Size: File Name: Student Council Voting System Storage Media: Disk Table name: Candidate Organization: Index Field Name| Data Type| External Length| Candidate ID| AutoNumber| | PositionID| Text| | Name| Text| | Year| Number| | Section| Text| | Photo| OLE Object| | Votes| Number| | System: San Miguel National High School Student Council Voting System Record Size: File Name: Student Council Voting System Storage Media: Disk Table name: Position Organization: Index Field Name| Data Type| External Length| PositionID| Text| | Position| Text| | System: San Miguel National High School Student Council Voting System Record Size: File Name: Student Council Voting System Storage Media: Disk Table name: Users Organization: Index Field Name| Data Type| External Length| UserID| AutoNumber| | Username| Text| | Password| Text| | System: San Miguel National High School Student Council Voting System Record Size: File Name: Student Council Voting System Storage Media: Disk Table name: Voters Organization: Index Field Name| Data Type| External Length| VoterID| AutoNumber| | Username| Text| | Password| Text| | Name| Text| | Year| Text| | Section| Text| | Voted| Text| | 4. 5 Screen Format See Appendix J. 4. 6 Report Format See Appendix K. 4. 7 Hardware Specification ITEMS| SPECIFICATIONS/BRAND| PRICE| Computer Terminal| Compaq(Compaq435)- AMD-Windows 8 Pro-2 GB DDR Memory-500GB Hard Disk Drives-Less than 25 mm thin and 2. 5 kg light-ODD/HDD-A large volume hard disk and 8X DVD-Super Multi drive in a small form factor for massive storage and media usage-LAN/VGA Port-Multimedia Card- Optical disk access indicator-Kensington lock slot-802. 11 b/g/n Wi-Fi| P 20,000. 00| Power Supply| | 29. 00| | | Total P20,029. 00| 4. 8 Cost Benefit Analysis 4. 8. 1 Presentation of Cost 4. 8. 1. 1 Existing System Expense A. Supplies Expense Description| Unit Cost| Qty/Day| Qty/Year| Cost/Year| Ball pen| 10/pc| 50pcs. | 50pcs| 500. 00| Bond Paper| 170/rim| 4 rim| 4 rim| 680. 00| Pentel Pen| 48/pc| 40pcs. | 40pcs| 1,920. 00| Manila Paper| 5/pc| 15pcs. | 15pcs| 75. 00| Staple Wire| 10/box| 10box| 10pcs| 100. 00| Stapler| 150/pc| 10pcs| 10pcs| 1,500. 00| Folder| 12/pc| 35pcs| 35pcs| 420. 00| Ballot Box (Carton)| 5/pc| 35pcs| 35pcs| 175. 00| Packing Tape| 45/pc| 10pcs| 10pcs| 450. 00| Printer| 3,400/pc| 1pc| 1pc| 3,400. 00| Pencil| 6/pc| 50pcs| 50| 300. 00| Ink| 300/set| 1set| 1set| 300. 00| Certification| 3/pc| 24pcs| 24pcs| 72. 00| Snacks (Teachers ;Comelec)| 100| 30pcs| 30pcs| 3,000. 00| | | Total Supplies| Expense/yr| P 12,892. 00| B. Electric Consumption Hours/Day| Cost/Hour| Daily Rate| Cost/Year| 8| 36. 00| 288. 00| 288. 00| | Total Electric| Expense per Day| P288. 00| Total Existing System Expense P 13,180. 00 C. Equipment Expense Quantity| Item| Price| 1| Power Supply| P 300. 00| 6| Printer Ink| 600. 00| Total Equipment Expense P 900. 00 D. Maintenance Expense Maintenance Fund Expense/Day| 0| Total Maintenance ExpenseP 0. 00| E. Computer Utilization Expense Software Package Cost Visual Basic 6. 0 Microsoft Access 2007| Total Software Costs P 5,000. 00 F. Training/Seminar Expense 1 day Training/Seminar Expense| P 300. 00| | | Total System Expense P 6,700. 0 4. 8. 2 Presentation of Benefits YOP| Cost| Future Value| Present Value| Acc. Present Value| 0| -6,700. 00| | | | 1| | P 3,000. 00|

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