Wormholes and Space Travel

Space travel through wormholes sounds like quite an interesting idea. Who wouldnt like to have the technology to hop in a ship, find the nearest wormhole and travel to distant places in a short time? It would make space travel so easy!   Of course, the idea pops up in science-fiction movies and books all the time. These tunnels in space-time supposedly allow characters to move through space and time in a heartbeat, and the characters dont have to worry about physics. Are wormholes real?   Or are they only literary devices to keep science-fiction plots moving along. If they do exist, whats the scientific explanation behind them? The answer could be a little of each. However, they are a direct consequence of general relativity, the theory first developed by Albert Einstein early in the 20th century. However, that doesnt necessarily mean that they exist or that people can travel through them in spaceships. To understand why theyre even an idea for space travel, its important to know a little about the science that might explain them. What are Wormholes? A wormhole is supposed to be a way to transit through space-time that connects two distant points in space. Some examples from popular fiction and movies include the movie Interstellar, where the characters used wormholes as portals to distant parts of the galaxy. However, there is no observational evidence that they exist and theres no empirical proof that they arent out there somewhere.   The trick is to find them and then figure out how they work.   One way for a stable wormhole to exist is for it to be created and supported by some kind of exotic material. Easily said, but whats exotic material? What special property does it need to have to make wormholes? Theoretically speaking, such wormhole stuff   has to have negative mass. Thats just what it sounds like: matter that has a negative value, rather than regular matter, which has a positive value. Its also something scientists have never seen. Now, it is possible for wormholes to spontaneously pop into existence using this exotic matter. But, theres another problem. There would be nothing to support them, so they would instantaneously collapse back in on themselves. Not so great for any ship that happens to be passing through at the time.   Black Holes and Wormholes So, if spontaneous wormholes arent workable, is there another way to create them? Theoretically yes, and we have black holes to thank for that. They are involved in a phenomenon known as an Einstein-Rosen bridge. Its essentially a wormhole created due to the immense warping of space-time by the effects of a black hole. Specifically, it has to be a Schwarzschild black hole, one that has a static (unchanging) amount of mass, doesnt rotate, and has no electrical charge. So, how would that work? Essentially as light falls into the black hole, it would pass through a wormhole and escape out the other side, through an object known as a white hole. A white hole is similar to a black hole but instead of sucking material in, it repels material away. Light would be accelerated away from a white holes   exit portal at, well, the  speed of light, making it a bright object, hence the term white hole.   Of course, reality bites here: it would be impractical to even attempt to pass through the wormhole to begin with. Thats because the passage would require falling into a black hole, which is a remarkably lethal experience. Anything passing the event horizon would be stretched and crushed, which includes living beings. To put it simply, there is no way to survive such a trip. The Kerr Singularity and Traversable Wormholes There is yet another situation in which a wormhole might arise, from something called a Kerr black hole. It would look quite different than a normal point singularity that is what astronomers think make up black holes. A Kerr black hole would orient itself in a ring formation, effectively balancing the immense gravitational force with the rotational inertia of the singularity. Since the black hole is empty in the middle it could be possible to pass through that point. The warping of space-time in the middle of the ring could act as a wormhole, allowing travelers to pass through to another point in space. Perhaps on the far side of the universe, or in a different universe all together. Kerr singularities have a distinct advantage over other proposed wormholes as they dont require the existence and use of exotic negative mass in order to keep them stable. However, they havent yet been observed, only theorized.   Could We Someday Use Wormholes? Putting aside the technical aspects of wormhole mechanics, there are also some hard physical truths about these objects. Even if they do exist, it is difficult to say if people could ever learn to manipulate them. Plus, humanity really doesnt even have starships yet, so figuring out ways to use wormholes to travel is really putting the cart before the horse.   There is also the obvious question of safety. At this point,  no one knows exactly what to expect inside a wormhole. Nor do we know exactly WHERE a wormhole could send a ship. It could be in our own galaxy, or perhaps somewhere else in the very distant universe. Also, heres something to chew on.   If a wormhole took a ship from our galaxy to another one billions of light-years away, theres a whole question of time to consider. Does the wormhole transport instantaneously? If so, WHEN do we arrive in the distant shore? Does the trip ignore the expansion of space-time?   So while it may certainly be possible for wormholes to exist and function as portals across the universe, it is considerably less likely that people will ever be able to find a way to use them. The physics just dont work out. Yet.   Edited and updated by Carolyn Collins Petersen

The Marketing Of A Marketing Audit - 2488 Words

A marketing audit is a comprehensive and methodical examination of a company’s failures and successes in terms of marketing. An audit, evaluates the market environment, the marketing strategies, and the company’s goals to better see where the company may be falling short, and similarly, it shows what is working. In this Audit we will be observing several fields of marketing relative to the Sony Corporation, it will examine and focus on the Marketing Mix, Environmental Analysis, and SWOT Analysis. These Analyses will enable us to better understand Sony’s strategies in regards to marketing, what influences affect the company, and what changes may need to be made in order to correct negative impacts. This industry conglomerate was†¦show more content†¦They went on to create the first wide screen HD TV, digital recording device, digital camera, and blue ray player. They developed the first LCD device, the first Internet TV powered by Google and that’s just a brief overview of all the innovations, inventions, and products associated with the Sony Corporation. (####) The first computer related product from Sony was introduced in 1967. They co-developed the microprocessor collaborating with Intel Corp. in 1971; however, the core of their electronics sales continued to stream from the audio and visual electronic equipment such as TV’s and radio systems. Sony has always stayed true to their mission of designing with functionality and portability in mind and as that became important to consumers in regards to laptop design, Sony was ahead of the curb creating more compact designs in addition to the co-development of the word processor and the 3.5 inch floppy disc which was a new and innovative recording medium at the time. (####) Currently, Sony has become one of the foremost manufacturers of audio, video, information and communication products for both the customer and the professional business markets; furthermore, its products are synonymous with quality, and value. Sony’s mission and vision is to design and create innovative quality products which benefit customers. Their marketing goals are to increase sells, create innovative quality products, and deliver value to their customers, clients, and partners in

Conditioning Procedures in Shaping Childrens Behaviour

2. A child is repeatedly exhibiting inappropriate and unwanted behaviour (e.g. hitting sibling), which conditioning procedures could be used to most effectively stop this? Behaviours that produce favourable consequences are repeated and become habits, but those that produce unfavourable consequences tend not to recur (Ouellette and Wood, 1998 as cited in Martin et.al, 2006). Experience changes the probability of repeating certain behaviours indicating that learning involves adaptation. As time goes on, old behaviours are eliminated and new behaviours are learned. Pavlov discovered and formalized many of the most important laws of classical behaviour, B.F.Skinner (1938) investigated and formalized may of the basic laws of operant†¦show more content†¦First, punishment can results in emotional trauma such as fear, anger, anxiety and depression. It might cause the disruption of learning and performance of the children. Secondly, punishment sometimes might lead to suppression o f all behaviours, not only the misbehaviour being punished. Furthermore, punishment requires continual monitoring of the individual’s behaviour in the real world. The use of punishment might try to encircle the rules of escape from the situation entirely. Mazur (1998) held that if the teacher used punishment as his primary method of behavioural control, a child might try to hide the proof of their misbehaviour. It might not help to correct the misbehaviour of the child. Another problem associated with punishment is that it can lead to aggressive behaviour by the punished child. This aggression might be directed against the punisher or another individual. With the numerous disadvantages above, parents should be using punishment wisely and with great care as it might influence the behaviour of children in the future. 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Group Analysis of Organizational Behavior Essay Example For Students

Group Analysis of Organizational Behavior Essay Group Analysis of Organizational Behavior BY 231185 GROUP ANALYSIS FOR ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR CORE PROBLEM ATTITUDE In my opinion Attitude by Mr Jackson is the core problem in this case study. Attitude is defined as the evaluation statements or Judgments concerning objects, people or events. Attitude has three main components which are, cognitive component, the affective component and the behavioural component. CAUSE The cause is associated with negative attitudes , personality , perception , communication and leadership skills which all contribute to the problems experienced in the work place . EFFECT The effect is evident in disruptive behaviour in the work environment Because of the negative relationship between Jane Taylor and Tony Jackson an unpleasant atmosphere has been created. Gramham Walkins a good and positive worker has decided to leave the company . Deviant behaviour is being exercise which was not existent before . Evident (shouting from one end to next end , embarrassing other employees , sarcastically nicknaming persons . Tony Jackson does not accept Taylor. This is evident in his behaviour. DEFINE SATELLITE PROBLEM Job Attitude Personality Perception Communication Leadership DETERMAIN THE FACTS AND CRITICAL ISSUES Job Satisfaction This involves Job satisfaction, Job involvement, and organisational commitment. Job satisfaction is a positive felling about someones Job resulting from an evaluation of its characteristics. Mr Jackson is not satisfied with is Job. He holds negative feelings about his Job. This is evident in the remark that he made to Mrs Taylor If you treat me like a piece of dirt, Ill behave like a piece of dirt. In this case study this Job satisfaction has lead to workplace deviance by only Mr Jackson. In addition, Mr Walkins has considered going to work else where. This supports the idea that satisfaction-turnover relationship also is affected by alternative Job prospect. This is a result of the pull ( the lure of the other Job ) than the push (the attractiveness of the current Job ) . Mr Watkins has perceived it to be easier to move that deal with the unpleasant atmosphere in the office . Joo Involvement Is usea to reter to tne degree to wnlcn a person laentlTles witn a Jon, actively participates in it and considers performance to self worth. Persons would identify psychologically with their Job and consider the perceived performance level important. Mr Taylor had a negative attitude in relation to Job involvement this was evident in the errors he made in work . ln addition when Mrs Taylor told him to concentrate on his own work, because it was often below standard . She also I showed him his mistakes but he Just said, What do you expect, Im only human. This was inappropriate and Organisational Commitment refers to the degree in which an employee identifies with a particular organisation and its goals and wishes t o maintain membership. IDENTIfY ALTERNATIVES WEIGHT THE PROS AND CONS SELECTION OF BEST ALTERNATIVES RECOMMENDATIONS